Integrated Circuits for Communication and Sensing

Our group conducts research on the design of CMOS/SiGe integrated circuits for wireless communication, sensing, imaging and radar from DC - sub-THz frequencies. We design RF, microwave, and mm-wave devices, circuits, and packaged systems. See our publications for detailed reports on our research. We perform our research at the Berkeley Wireless Research Center

Die photos and hardware prototpyes demonstrating high data rate communication in the D-band.

The Hydra / Charm project demonstrates 140 GHz transceiver arrays with multi-user communication of > 100 Gb/s per beam.
BWRC 2025
Authors: Niknejad Research Team

Die photo of phased array chip.

A Fully-Passive 4-Channel RF Beamformer With Ultra-Low Insertion Loss At 12GHz X/Ku-Band for Low-Power Applications In 28nm CMOS
IMS 2024
Authors: M. Anderson, S. Krishnamurthy, A. M. Niknejad, J. Rabaey

Die photo of Fluorescence image sensor chip.

A Fully Wireless, Miniaturized, Multicolor Fluorescence Image Sensor Implant for Real-Time Monitoring In Cancer Therapy
ISSCC 2024
Authors: R. Rabbani, M. Roschelle, S. Gweon, R. Kumar, A. Vercruysse, N. Cho, M. Spitzer, A. M. Niknejad, V. Stojanovic, M. Anwar

Die photo of X-ray dosimeter chip.

A 7$\times$55 X-Ray Energy Binning Dosimeter for Closed-Loop Cancer Radiotherapy
VLSI 2024
Authors: R. Lall, K. Lee, A. Cunha, R. Abergel, Y. Seo, A. M. Niknejad, M. Anwar

Die photo of CMOS PLL.

A 480-Multiplication-Factor 13.2-to-17.3GHz Sub-Sampling PLL Achieving 6.6mW Power and -248.1 DB FoM Using a Proportionally Divided Charge Pump
ISSCC 2024
Authors: L. Zhang, A. Niknejad

Die photo of Bluetooth / CPU class project chip.

A Heterogeneous SoC for Bluetooth LE In 28nm
Hot Chips 2023 (Undergraduate Class Project )
Authors: F. Guo, N. Krzysztofowicz, A. Moreno, J. Ni, D. Lovell, Y. Chi, K. Ahmad, S. Afshar, J. Alexander, D. Brater

Die photo of CMOS D-band array chip.

D-Band Packaged CMOS Integrated Transmitter for MU-MIMO Applications
A-SSCC 2022
Authors: M. Wei, N. Baniasadi, E. Chou, H. Beshary, S. Krishnamurthy, E. Alon, A. Niknejad

Die photo of CMOS D-band transceiver.

A Low-Power and Energy-Efficient D-Band CMOS Four-Channel Receiver With Integrated LO Generation for Digital Beamforming Arrays
ESSCIRC 2022
Authors: E. Chou, N. Baniasadi, H. Beshary, M. Wei, E. Naviasky, L. Iotti, A. Niknejad

Photo of SpO2 measurement setup.

A Galvanically Coupled Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer for Deep Tissue Hypoxia Diagnosis
VLSI 2022
Authors: L. Zhang, A. M. Niknejad

Photo of an E-band MIMO receiver.

14.1 a 71-to-86GHz Packaged 16-Element By 16-Beam Multi-User Beamforming Integrated Receiver In 28nm CMOS
ISSCC 2021
Authors: E. Naviasky, L. Iotti, G. LaCaille, B. Nikolic, E. Alon, A. Niknejad

Die photo of a broadband linear receiver chain.

10-35GHz Passive Mixer-First Receiver Achieving +14dBm In-band IIP3 for Digital Beam-forming Arrays
RFIC 2020
Authors: S. Krishnamurthy, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo CMOS 80Gb/s transceiver.

A Fully Integrated, Dual Channel, Flip Chip Packaged 113 GHz Transceiver In 28nm CMOS Supporting an 80 Gb/s Wireless Link
CICC 2020
Authors: A. Townley, N. Baniasadi, S. Krishnamurthy, C. Sideris, A. Hajimiri, E. Alon, A. Niknejad

Photo of the Hydra E-band Massive MIMO at BWRC.

Design and Demonstration Of a Scalable Massive MIMO Uplink At E-Band
ICC Workshop 2020
Authors: G. LaCaille, J. Dunn, A. Puglielli, L. Iotti, S. Ramakrishnan, L. Calderin, Z. Lin, E. Naviasky, B. Nikolic, A. Niknejad, E. Alon

Die photo of a frequency multiplier chip.

A 138fs-rms Integrated-Jitter and 249dB-FoM Clock Multiplier With -51dBc Spur Using a Digital Spur Calibration Technique In 28-nm CMOS
VLSI 2019
Authors: Y. Li, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo of a mm-wave sensor chip.

A 114GHz Biosensor With Integrated Dielectrophoresis for Single Cell Characterization
VLSI 2019
Authors: A. Ameri, L. Zhang, A. Gharia, A. M. Niknejad, M. Anwar

Die photos of RF N-path filters with high selectivity.

Higher order N-path filters – with 40dB/dec., 60dB/dec. and 80dB/dec for RF selectivity and enhanced close-in blocker resilience for sub-6GHz 5G, see "Enhanced Passive Mixer-first Receiver Driving an Impedance With 40dB/decade Roll-off, Achieving +12dBm Blocker-P1dB, +33dBm IIP3 and Sub-2dB NF Degradation for a 0dBm Blocker"
RFIC 2019
Authors: S. Krishnamurthy, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo of a 5.8 GHz RFID chip.

A 5.8GHz Power-harvesting 116μmx116μm “dielet” Near-field Radio With On-chip Coil Antenna
ISSCC 2018
Authors: B. Zhao, N. Kuo, B. Liu, Y. Li, L. Iotti, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo and schematic of an E-band receiver chip.

A 12mW 70-to-100GHz Mixer-first Receiver Front-end for Mm-wave Massive-MIMO Arrays In 28nm CMOS
ISSCC 2018
Authors: L. Iotti, G. LaCaille, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo of a low power radio for IoT applications.

BuLIoT: Berkeley Ultra Low Power IoT Radio, presnted in "580µW 2.2-2.4GHz Receiver With +3.3dBm Out-of-Band IIP3 for IoT Applications"
ESSCIRC 2018
Authors: S. Krishnamurthy, F. Maksimovic, A. M. Niknejad

Die photo of an FD/FDD CMOS chip.

An FD/FDD Transceiver With RX Band Thermal, Quantization, and Phase Noise Rejection and >64dB TX Signal Cancellation
RFIC 2017
Authors: S. Ramakrishnan, L. Calderin, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolić

Die photo of a 94 GHz phased-array in SiGe.

A 94GHz 4TX-4RX Phased-array for FMCW Radar With Integrated LO and Flip-chip Antenna Package
RFIC 2016
Authors: A. Townley, P. Swirhun, D. Titz, A. Bisognin, F. Gianesello, R. Pilard, C. Luxey, A. Niknejad

Die and package photo of a glucose sensor chip.

A Microwave Reconfigurable Dielectric-based Glucose Sensor With 20 Mg/dL Sensitivity At Sub-nL Sensing Volume In CMOS
IMS 2015
Authors: J. Chien, E. Yeh, L. P. Lee, M. Anwar, A. M. Niknejad

240 GHz Transceiver Die Photo

World's first fully integrated CMOS transceiver chipset (65nm) opearting at 240 GHz. The chip uses a 60 GHz modulator and a coherent QPSK mixer-first receiver with an on-chip antenna.
RFIC 2014
Authors: S. Thyagarajan, Shinwon Kang, A. Niknejad

Microwave Bio-Sensing Chip

A fully intergrated interferometer-based dielectric spectrometer for bio-sensing applications. This chip has 28 differential VCOs operating from 6.5-30 GHz.
VLSI 2014
Authors: Jun-Chau Chien, M. Anwar, Yeh Erh-Chia, L. Lee, Ali Niknejad

RFID

A fully intergrated RFID communication chip that utilizes wireless power transfer at 24 GHz and UWB pulse-position modulation at 60 GHz. All antennas are integrated onto the chip.
VLSI 2014 (Best Student Paper Award)
Authors: Maryam Tabesh, Mustafa Rangwala, Amin Arbabian, and Ali Niknejad

60 GHz Transmitter Die Photo

World's Most Efficient WiGig 60 GHz CMOS Transmitter: “A Digitally Modulated mm-Wave Cartesian Beamforming Transmitter with Quadrature Spatial Combining”
ISSCC 2013
Authors: Jiashu Chen, Lu Ye, D. Titz, F. Gianesello, R. Pilard, A. Cathelin, F. Ferrero, C. Luxey, A. Niknejad

60 GHz Phased Array Die Photo

A 65nm CMOS 4-Element Sub-34mW/Element 60GHz Phased-Array Transceiver
ISSCC 2011
Authors: Maryam Tabesh, Jiashu Chen, Cristian Marcu, Lingkai Kong, Shinwon Kang, Elad Alon, Ali Niknejad

60 GHz PA Die Photo

Smallest footpring 60 GHz PA with record power and efficiency: "A Compact 1V 18.6dBm 60GHz Power Amplifier in 65nm CMOS"
ISSCC 2011
Authors: Jiashu Chen, Ali M. Niknejad

WLAN PA Transmitter Die Photo

WLAN CMOS "Digital" PA with 44% peak efficiency and 802.11g compliant OFDM transmission: "A 2.4GHz Mixed Signal Polar Power Amplifier with Low-Power Integrated Filtering in 65nm CMOS"
CICC 2010
Authors: Debopriyo Chowdhury, Lu Ye, Elad Alon and Ali M. Niknejad

110 GHz Distributed PA Die Photo

110 GHz Distributed Power Amplifier (Record Power / Frequency / Efficiency): "A Stage-Scaled Distributed Power Amplifier Achieving 110GHz Bandwidth and 17.5dBm Peak Output Power"
RFIC 2010 (Best Student Paper Award)
Authors: Jiashu Chen, Ali Niknejad

90 GHz UWB Transmitter Die Photo

Widest Bandwidth UWB Transmitter at 90 GHz: "A 90GHz-Carrier 30GHz-Bandwidth Hybrid Switching Transmitter with Integrated Antenna"
ISSCC 2010 (Jack Kilby Award for Outstanding Student Paper)
Authors: Amin Arbabian, Bagher Afshar, Jun-Chau Chien, Shinwon Kang, Steven Callender, Ehsan Adabi, Stefano Dal Toso, Romain Pilard, Daniel Gloria, Ali Niknejad

60 GHz Transceiver Die Photo

Most Energy Efficient CMOS 60 GHz Transceiver
ISSCC 2009
Authors: Cristian Marcu,Debopriyo Chowdhury, ChintanThakkar, Ling-Kai Kong, Maryam Tabesh, Jung-Dong Park,Yanjie Wang, Ali Afshar, Abhinav Gupta, Amin Arbabian, Simone Gambini, Reza Zamani, Elad Alon, Ali Niknejad

Distributed Amplifier Die Photo

0.66 THz Gain/Bandwidth Distributed Amplifier
ISSCC 2008
Authors: A. Arbabian and A. M. Niknejad

60 GHz PA Die Photo

CMOS 60 GHz PA with > 12dBm Psat
ISSCC 2008
Authors: D. Chowdhury, P. Reynaert, A. M. Niknejad

Die photos of 60 GHz CMOS chips

World's First 60 GHz Transceivers in CMOS
BWRC 2008
Authors: BWRC Collaboration

104 GHz CMOS Amplifier Die Photo

World's first 104 GHz CMOS Amplifier
ISSCC 2007
Authors: B. Heydari, M. Bohsali, E. Adabi, A.M. Niknejad

5.8 GHz CMOS PA Die Photo

Transformer Combined 5.8 GHz 1V CMOS PA
RFIC 2007 (Best Student Paper Award)
Authors: P.Haldi, D. Chowdhury, G. Liu, A.M. Niknejad

World's First 60 GHz CMOS Amplifier Die Photo

World's First 60 GHz CMOS Amplifier
ISSCC 2004
Authors: C. H. Doan, S. Emami, A. M. Niknejad, and R. W. Brodersen

Die photos of digital PA chips

Evolution of RF-DAC "Digital" PA's at BWRC
BWRC 2014
Authors: BWRC Collaboration

Die photos of 60 GHz CMOS PA's

CMOS PA research at BWRC covering frequency bands from sub-6GHz RF to mm-Wave and power levels from milliwatts to watts.
BWRC 2024
Authors: BWRC Collaboration